Health Tips

Ovarion Cancer:-
Introduction:
Ovarian cancer is the abnormal growth of malignant cells, which begins in the ovaries (women's reproductive glands that produce eggs). Cancer that has spread to the ovaries, but it comes at another location is not ovarian cancer.

Ovarian tumors can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Although the abnormal cells, benign tumors do not metastasize (spread to other parts of the body). Malignant cancer cells in the ovaries can metastasize in two ways:

* Directly to other organs in the pelvis and abdomen (the most common way)
* Through the blood or lymph nodes in other parts of the body.

Risk factors:-
While most women with ovarian cancer have no known risk factors, and others exist. If a woman and one or more risk factors, and said it was not necessarily to have ovarian cancer, but may have a higher risk than the average for a woman.

Genetics:-

About 10 to 15 percent of women with ovarian cancer have a genetic predisposition to develop this disease. The most important risk factor for ovarian cancer is inherited genetic mutations in one of two genes: genes breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) or breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2). These genes are responsible for about 5 to 10 percent of all cancers of the ovary.

Eastern Europe, and women of Ashkenazi Jewish descent are at greater risk of carrying BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.

Since these genes are associated with both breast and ovarian cancer, and women who have breast cancer have an increased risk of ovarian cancer.

Last known genetic link to ovarian cancer is an inherited syndrome called hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC or Lynch syndrome). While HNPCC is the greatest risk of colon cancer, and women with HNPCC is the age of 12 percent risk of ovarian cancer.

Women who have one of the first degree, compared with ovarian cancer, but little is known genetic mutations still have an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Endangered the lives of a woman with first-degree relative with ovarian cancer is five percent (and a woman in the average age of risk is 1.4 percent).
Increase in life:-

All women are at risk of ovarian cancer regardless of age, but a woman's risk is higher during her 60s and increases with age through her late 70s.

About 69 percent of women with ovarian cancer in the United States from 2002 to 2006 was 55 years and older.

Median age (in which half of the total reported cases of the older and half is younger) in the diagnosis is 63.

Reproductive history and infertility:-

Research suggests a relationship between the number of menstrual cycles in a woman's lifetime, and her risk of ovarian cancer. A woman is at increased risk if they:

* He began menstruation at an early age (before 12),
* Did not give any birth children,
* Had her first child after 30 years
* After menopause, the experience of 50 years,
* Did not take contraceptives by mouth.

Infertility, regardless of whether or woman who does not use fertility drugs, and also increases the risk of ovarian cancer.

Hormone replacement therapy:-

Doctors may prescribe hormone replacement therapy to alleviate symptoms associated with menopause (hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, and vaginal dryness) that occurs in the body adapts to low levels of estrogen. Hormone replacement therapy usually involves treatment with either estrogen alone (for women who had undergone a hysterectomy), or a combination of estrogen and progesterone or progestin (for women who have not had a hysterectomy).

Women who use hormone therapy after menopause are at increased risk of ovarian cancer. Recent studies indicate that the use of a combination of estrogen and progestin for five or more years greatly increases the risk of ovarian cancer in women who have not had a hysterectomy. Ten years or more for the use of estrogen increases the risk of ovarian cancer in women who have undergone hysterectomy.

Obesity:-

The Many studies have found a link between obesity and ovarian cancer. A study 2009 and found that obesity was associated with nearly 80 percent risk of ovarian cancer among women 50 to 71-year-old did not take hormones after menopause.

Risk reduction:-
Women can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in many ways, however, there is no way to prevent this disease. All women are at risk of ovarian cancer does not strike only one ethnic or age group. Specialist can help a woman identify ways to reduce the risk of them, as well as decide whether consultation with the Chancellor of genetic event. Pill (pill):-

The use of contraceptives through the mouth reduces the risk of ovarian cancer, especially when used for several years. Women who use oral contraceptives for a period of five years or more, about 50 percent risk of ovarian cancer than women who have never used contraceptives by mouth.

Treatment:

Of movement and understanding treatment options are very important for the ovarian cancer patient survival. It should be for all treatment decisions be made by the patient in consultation with the medical professional.
Surgery:-

During surgery, doctors try to remove all visible tumors (tumor debulking). After five years the rate of survival and disease-free periods of patients suffering from the wounds was observed in tumors of the reproductive system of women than many of the patients who did not surgeons in the tumors.

Chemotherapy:-

Patients to undergo chemotherapy in an attempt to kill cancer cells that remain in the body after surgery.
Intraperitoneal chemotherapy:-

This treatment is putting the drug directly to the peritoneum through a port surgically implanted catheter. While intraperitoneal (IP) therapy has been used since the 1950s, new advances combined with intravenous (IV) therapy, and the use of chemotherapy agents which work the best for the treatment of ovarian cancer. National Cancer Institute recommends that, for the selection of patients with ovarian cancer, chemotherapy is given to each of the fourth and intellectual property. This combination has been found to increase survival for women with ovarian cancer at an advanced stage.
Radiation therapy or radiotherapeutic procedures:

These procedures may be used to kill cancer cells that remain in the pelvic area.

Side effects:-
Goal of chemotherapy to eliminate cancer cells grow rapidly, but some medicines are not able to distinguish between cancer cells and many other cases, the division of cells. As a result, drugs can kill cells in the bone marrow and digestive tract, hair follicles, and genitals. Every woman experiences different side effects depending on the type of medication and chemotherapy to them. Women who have undergone treatment should be talking about the medical profession about the best way to deal with side effects.
Hair Loss:-

Some chemotherapy drugs damage hair follicles, causing loss of body hair. Hair loss usually starts two to three weeks after the first treatment, and may not only affect the hair on a woman's head, but also eyebrows, eyelashes, facial hair, pubic and armpit hair and leg hair. While hair loss can be extensive, it is almost always temporary. Women usually grow hair again once the treatment ends. Some women dealing with hair loss from cutting hair or shopping for a wig before losing any hair.
Nausea and vomiting:-

Since nausea is that this is the side effects of chemotherapy, but doctors often prescribe antiemetics to reduce suffering. Antiemetics act to prevent signals between the brain and stomach to stop vomiting. These side effects should be administered during chemotherapy because of nausea and vomiting, uncontrolled can interfere with the patient's ability to receive treatment. Complementary therapies, such as ginger, and are proven to reduce nausea.

Fatigue:-

Cancer patients experience fatigue for many reasons, not all known. Both cancer and cancer treatments can cause fatigue. Fatigue is a common side effects following radiation and chemotherapy. A drug used to treat pain, depression, vomiting, seizures, and other side effects may cause fatigue. Usually reduces fatigue after stopping treatment, but sometimes people never regain full capacity.
Diarrhea and constipation:-

Diarrhea is the side effects of chemotherapy, which usually occurs in the days immediately following chemotherapy. Patients who suffer from diarrhea need to remember that they can become dehydrated quickly and should be sure to hydrate themselves. Some patients may experience constipation due to chemotherapy, and after effects of surgery, or anti-nausea drugs. Doctors say that in many cases, patients who experience constipation to take a mild laxative or stool softener. Patients suffering from constipation should drink plenty of fluids.

Nerve problems:-

Some chemotherapy drugs can cause peripheral neuropathy, and an increase in numbness caused by damage to the nerves that transmits signals between the body and central nervous system. This is damage to the nerves often leads to a sense of tingling or loss of control in the hands or feet. Acupuncture or massage and physical therapy may lessen these side effects, which are usually temporary, and improve or resolve when he stopped chemotherapy.
Issues mouth:

Chemotherapy can kill the cells lining the mouth, throat, stomach and intestines, causing ulceration of the mouth. Mouth issues are particularly bad for patients who receive high doses of chemotherapy, have poor oral and dental health prior to treatment, or kidney disease or associated. Smoking and tobacco use, and food consumed cruel or alcohol increases the severity of these side effects. Some chemotherapy drugs cause changes in the taste of patients. Food may taste salty or bitter tastes, but usually a natural treatment is again more than once. Non-alcoholic mouthwash and other products, can reduce dry mouth.
Sexual activity and intimacy issues:-

Interest in sexual intercourse less often for patients with chemotherapy for many reasons, including the additional stress, and the side effects of treatment. Patients need to maintain a positive self-image during this time, and maintain open communication with its partners. When the patient is ready to participate in sexual activity, and should consider taking the following actions:

* Make time to rest before and after sexual activity to maintain energy.
* Use water and lubricants soluble vagina may be drier than usual due to hormonal changes.
* Experience to find jobs and avoid those uncomfortable, which will tire them quickly.

Chemobrain:

Many women suffer from forgetfulness, difficulty with concentration after receiving chemotherapy. This confusion, often temporary, but that about 15 percent of chemotherapy patients experience permanent problems. Since the cause is unknown, and there is no cure for these side effects. Women who have suffered from these side effects make several proposals to deal with this:

* Reduce distractions during the performance of important tasks.
* Keep daily organizer / journal to keep track of appointments.
* Use the calendar on your computer and voice mail messages to remind yourself of meetings.

After treatment:
Follow-up Plan:

After the initial treatment has ended, and a woman of follow-up treatment with her doctor. During the follow-up, and doctors are not comprehensive physical examinations, and can also monitor the patient's blood for California high - 125 level. Some patients are allergic California - 125, which will rise by a CT scan showed evidence of recurrent disease. Others have evidence of the disease before the rise of California - 125. Doctors often use a combination of tests to monitor the patient because of recurrent ovarian cancer has a wide variety of behavior which makes it difficult to monitor. In addition to physical examinations, California - 125 test, had asked doctors CT and / or pets scans to search for tumor growth.

And the patient should discuss a plan for follow-up and plan to survive with her doctor clearly outline the plan of action in the period after the treatment. There is a plan to survive, which is covered by long-term issues is crucial for a woman to discuss with her internist and regular and other health care professionals outside the country for the treatment of cancer.

California - 125 in addition to HE4 had been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for monitoring.

Repeat:

Upon the return of cancer after a period of remission, it is considered a recurrence. And cancer recurrence occurs because some cancer cells have been left behind at the end of the day, and grow and become clear. Cancer could return to the same place the original tumor or elsewhere in the body. About 70 percent of patients who are diagnosed with breast and ovarian cancer will recur.

One of the factors in determining a patient's risk of recurrence is the stage of cancer at diagnosis:

* Patients diagnosed in the first stage has a 10 percent chance of recurrence.
* Patients diagnosed in the second stage has a 30 percent chance of recurrence.
* Patients diagnosed in the third stage have a chance of 70 to 90 percent of recurrence.
* Patients diagnosed in the fourth stage have the opportunity 90 to 95 percent of recurrence.

Recurrent ovarian cancer and treatment, but rarely can be cured. Women with recurrent ovarian cancer may have to undergo further surgery. Because many women with recurrent ovarian cancer receiving chemotherapy for a long period of time, and sometimes continuously, and toxins of treatment a major factor in treatment decisions.

Effectiveness and the type of treatment for recurrent ovarian cancer depend on the type of chemotherapy, the patient received in the past, side effects associated with previous treatments, and the length of time since completion of previous treatment, the prevalence of recurrent cancer. Chemotherapy is used to stop the development of cancer and prolong the survival of the patient. In some cases, surgery is used to relieve symptoms, such as the bowel was prevented due to recurrence.

A woman, in consultation with the doctor, and should set realistic goals on what can be expected from treatment. This could mean weighing the positive results that could be a new treatment to combat the potential negative effects. At one point, a woman may decide to remain in treatment is unlikely to improve their health or survival. A woman must be sure they are comfortable with everything that is planned.